Ulcerative colitis

Living with ulcerative colitis:
A comprehensive guide to causes, symptoms and treatment options

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that primarily affects the large intestine.

This disease can affect anyone, although it is usually diagnosed in young adulthood.

The exact causes of ulcerative colitis are still not fully understood, but a combination of genetic factors, environmental influences and a misdirected immune response appear to play a role .

In this comprehensive guide, we aim to provide you with an in-depth understanding of ulcerative colitis, from the symptoms and diagnosis to the various treatment options and living with the disease.

Causes and risk factors

Although the exact cause of ulcerative colitis is not yet understood, current research suggests that a combination of genetic, environmental and immunological factors are involved.

A misdirected immune system that attacks the body's own cells in the colon probably plays a central role. In addition, studies have shown that people with family members who suffer from chronic inflammatory bowel disease have a higher risk of developing themselves.

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis

The symptoms of ulcerative colitis can range from mild to very severe and often include:

• Persistent diarrhoea, often with blood or mucus
• Abdominal pain and cramps
• Urgent urge to defecate
• Weight loss
• Tiredness and exhaustion

It is important to note that the symptoms occur in episodes , i.e. periods with severe symptoms alternate with symptom-free periods.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings and histological results from biopsy samples.

Your doctor will likely perform a colonoscopy, a procedural technique that examines the inside of the colon to identify inflammation and ulcers and take biopsies for further examination.

Treatment options

Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms and prolong remission. Although there is no cure, many people can lead productive lives with an appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment may include medication, lifestyle changes and, in severe cases, surgery.

Drug therapy

Commonly used medications include:

• Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) to control inflammation
• Corticosteroids, to treat acute flare-ups
• Immunosuppressants, to relieve inflammation by suppressing the immune system
• Biologics that specifically block certain inflammatory pathways

Diet and lifestyle

Although there is no specific diet for ulcerative colitis, it can be helpful to avoid certain foods that exacerbate the symptoms .

Keeping a food diary can help to identify individual triggers. In addition, regular exercise can help to reduce stress and improve general well-being.

Surgical options

In severe cases where medical treatment is not successful, surgery may be necessary. Removal of the entire colon (colectomy) may be necessary, resulting in a permanent cure for ulcerative colitis, as the disease is limited to the colon .

Living with ulcerative colitis

Being diagnosed with a chronic disease such as ulcerative colitis can be overwhelming at first. It is important to seek support from family, friends and healthcare professionals.

Many people also find it helpful to join a support group and learn from the experiences of others.

Conclusion

Ulcerative colitis is a complex disease, but with the right treatment and support, most people can lead a fulfilling life.

It is important that you actively participate in your treatment, visit your doctor regularly and keep yourself well informed about the disease.

We hope that this guide has given you a better understanding of ulcerative colitis and that you are now better prepared to manage the condition.

Remember that you are not alone and that there are many resources and support available to help you through this challenge.