Electromagnetic fields and cancer: the cost of doing nothing
A blog post based on the article by David O. Carpenter in "Reviews on Environmental Health", Vol. 25, No. 1, 2010
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are ubiquitous. They are generated by electricity (extremely low frequency, ELF), communication frequencies and wireless devices (radio frequency, RF). Concerns about health risks from EMFs have increased with the growing use of mobile phones and other wireless devices, especially among children.
This blog post, based on an article by David O. Carpenter, looks at the scientific evidence on EMFs and cancer and argues that inaction could have serious consequences.
Leukaemia and ELF fields:
Since the landmark studies by Wertheimer and Leeper in 1979, there has been evidence of a link between exposure to residential magnetic fields and an increased risk of childhood leukaemia. These results have been confirmed by numerous follow-up studies and meta-analyses. Adults who are occupationally exposed to EMF also show an increased risk of leukaemia. There are also indications of a connection with brain tumours.
Brain tumours and mobile phone radiation (RF):
Recent studies show an increased rate of brain tumours and acoustic neuromas on the side of the head where the mobile phone is used. Of particular concern is the increased susceptibility of children and adolescents. Studies by Hardell et al. show that people who start using mobile phones at a young age have a significantly higher risk of brain tumours.
Why are these results not taken into account in new exposure limits?
Despite the clear evidence of a link between EMF exposure and cancer, governments and international bodies are reluctant to recognise the findings as a cause-effect relationship and take appropriate protective measures.
This is due to two main problems:
- Lack of clear mechanisms: there is no generally recognised mechanism that fully explains EMF carcinogenesis. Many assume that carcinogens must directly damage DNA, as is the case with ionising radiation. However, there are many known carcinogens that do not directly damage DNA, such as arsenic and dioxin. EMFs can indirectly cause DNA damage, induce genes, generate reactive oxygen species and trigger heat shock proteins - all factors that can contribute to carcinogenesis.
- Inconsistent animal studies: Animal studies have not consistently shown cancer as a result of EMF exposure. However, there are studies that show an increased risk of lymphoma in dogs living in homes with high EMF exposure.
Carpenter argues that the existing human studies are sufficiently convincing to justify action, even if the mechanistic details are not yet fully understood. The current limits are outdated and do not take into account current research findings.
The cost of doing nothing:
The long-term consequences of EMF exposure, especially for children, are not yet foreseeable. If the risks are real and children are particularly vulnerable, we could face an increase in brain tumours and other cancers in the future.
There is an urgent need for industry to proactively develop products with reduced EMF exposure and for governments and international organisations to set limits based on scientific evidence. Each individual can reduce his or her own exposure by consciously dealing with EMF sources.
Conclusion:
The research findings on EMF and cancer are worrying. Inaction could have serious consequences for public health, especially for children and adolescents. It is time to take the available evidence seriously and take action to protect the population.