Accumulator

Definition:

An accumulator, often simply referred to as a battery, is a rechargeable energy storage device that converts electrical energy into chemical energy and stores it so that it can be converted back into electrical energy when required. Accumulators are widely used in many electronic devices and applications.

Types of accumulators:

Lead-acid accumulator:
Commonly used in vehicles as a starter battery. They are robust and inexpensive, but heavy and have a lower energy density.
Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery:
Known for their longevity and reliability, but they contain toxic cadmium and are therefore harmful to the environment.
Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery:
A more environmentally friendly alternative to NiCd batteries with higher energy density, often used in portable devices.
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery:
Widely used in mobile phones, laptops and electric vehicles. They offer a high energy density and are lighter, but more sensitive to overcharging and high temperatures.
Lithium polymer (Li-Po) battery:
A variant of Li-ion batteries that are more flexible in shape and are used in ultra-thin devices.

Functionality:

Rechargeable batteries consist of one or more electrochemical cells. When charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, which is stored in the electrodes. When discharging, the chemical energy is converted back into electrical energy, which powers the device.

Applications:

Electronic devices:
Mobile phones, laptops, tablets
Vehicles:
Electric cars, hybrid vehicles, motorbikes
Energy storage:
Solar systems, emergency power supplies

Advantages:

Rechargeable and therefore more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly than disposable batteries
Wide range of applications in various technologies

Disadvantages:

Limited service life and loss of capacity over time
Sensitivity to temperature and state of charge (especially with Li-ion batteries)

Maintenance and care:

To maximise the service life of a rechargeable battery, overcharging and deep discharging should be avoided. Regular charging and discharging within the recommended range helps to maintain capacity.