Adrenal glands and frequency therapy

**Encyclopaedia entry: Adrenal glands** **Definition:** The adrenal glands are paired, triangular glands located on the upper poles of the kidneys. They are an essential part of the endocrine system and produce a variety of hormones that regulate vital functions in the body. **Anatomy:** - **Cortex:** The outer layer of the adrenal gland, which is divided into three zones: - **Zona glomerulosa:** Produces mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone, which regulates salt and water balance. - **Zona fasciculata:** Produces glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol, which influences metabolism, immune response and stress levels. - **Zona reticularis:** Produces androgens, the precursors of sex hormones. - **Medulla:** The inner layer of the adrenal gland that produces catecholamines such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), which control the "fight-or-flight" response. **Functions:** - **Regulation of metabolism:** Cortisol influences carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. - **Blood pressure control:** Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium balance, which influences blood pressure. - **Stress response:** Adrenaline and noradrenaline increase the heart rate, widen the airways and increase energy supply. - **Development and reproduction:** Androgens contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics. **Diseases:** - **Addison's disease:** An underactive adrenal cortex that leads to a deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone. - **Cushing's syndrome:** An overproduction of cortisol, often caused by tumours or long-term use of corticosteroids. - **Pheochromocytoma:** A tumour in the adrenal medulla that causes excessive production of adrenaline and noradrenaline. - **Conn syndrome:** An overproduction of aldosterone that leads to high blood pressure and potassium deficiency. **Diagnosis:** - **Blood and urine tests:** To measure hormone levels. - **Imaging procedures:** Ultrasound, CT or MRI to assess the adrenal gland structure. - **Stimulation tests:** To assess the function of the adrenal cortex. **Treatment:** Treatment depends on the specific condition and may include hormone-regulating drugs, surgery to remove tumours or hormone replacement therapy. **What you need to know:** - The adrenal glands are crucial for the body's adaptation to stressful situations. - Despite their small size, the adrenal glands are very important Despite their small size, they have a major influence on many bodily functions. **Research:** Research focuses on understanding the complex hormone regulation by the adrenal glands, the development of new treatments for adrenal diseases and the role of the adrenal glands in stress responses and metabolic processes.