Definition:
Chlamydia trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for a number of human infections, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and eye infections.
Characteristics:
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, which means that it is dependent on a host cell for replication. It goes through two stages of development: the infectious elementary body (EB) and the replicating reticular body (RB). The bacteria live inside the cells of the host organism, making it difficult for the immune system to recognise and destroy them.
Infections:
- Sexually transmitted infections: The most common form is a genital infection, which is often asymptomatic but can cause urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) if left untreated. In men and women, an untreated infection can lead to sterility.
- Eye infections: C. trachomatis can also cause eye diseases such as trachoma, one of the most common causes of preventable blindness worldwide. Other eye diseases include conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva).
Diagnosis and treatment:
Diagnosis is usually made by PCR tests (polymerase chain reaction) or ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), which detect specific DNA or antigen components of the bacterium. Treatment often consists of antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline, which effectively combat the bacteria.