Cold

Lexicon entry: Common cold

Definition: A cold, also known as a flu-like infection, is a widespread, usually harmless infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by various viruses. It is characterised by symptoms such as a cold, cough, sore throat and general malaise.

Causes:

Colds are caused by a variety of viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most common pathogens. Other viruses that can cause colds are coronaviruses, adenoviruses and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV).

Transmission:

Droplet infection: Virus-containing droplets are released into the air by coughing, sneezing or speaking and inhaled by others.
Contact infection: Through touching contaminated surfaces and subsequent contact with the mouth, nose or eyes.

Symptoms:

Runny nose or blocked nose
Sore throat
Coughing
Sneezing
Mild fever
Headache
Tiredness and general malaise

Diagnosis:

A cold is usually diagnosed on the basis of the typical symptoms and does not require any special tests. In some cases, a doctor may carry out tests to rule out other illnesses such as flu or bacterial infections.

Treatment:

There is no specific cure for colds, but the symptoms can be alleviated by:

Rest and recuperation: Getting enough sleep and taking care of your body.
Hydration: Drink plenty of water or tea to keep the body hydrated.
Painkillers: Over-the-counter medication such as paracetamol or ibuprofen to relieve pain and fever.
Decongestants: Nasal sprays or drops to relieve nasal congestion.
Home remedies: Inhalations, warm drinks with honey and lemon or gargling with salt water.

Prevention:

Regular hand washing with soap and water.
Avoid close contact with infected people.
Strengthen the immune system with a healthy diet, regular exercise and sufficient sleep.

Worth knowing:

Adults catch an average of two to three colds a year, children more frequently.
Colds are usually self-limiting and subside within one to two weeks.

Research:

Research into the common cold focuses on developing vaccines against common cold viruses, improving treatment methods and understanding the mechanisms that support the immune system in its defence against cold viruses.