Lexicon entry: Flatulence

Definition: Flatulence, also known colloquially as bloating, refers to the accumulation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract that escapes through the anus. This process is a normal part of digestion, but can be uncomfortable or embarrassing if it occurs excessively.

Causes:

Flatulence is caused by the accumulation of gas produced either by swallowed air or by the digestion of food in the intestines. Common causes are:

• Diet: Consumption of gas-forming foods such as beans, lentils, cabbage, onions and carbonated drinks.
• Intolerances: Lactose intolerance or fructose malabsorption, in which certain sugars are not digested properly.
• Digestive disorders: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or other gastrointestinal disorders.
• Swallowing air: Frequent gum chewing, smoking or fast eating.

Symptoms:

• Frequent passing of intestinal gas
• Abdominal bloating or flatulence
• Abdominal pain or cramps
• Rumbling noises in the abdomen

Diagnosis:

Flatulence is usually diagnosed by taking a medical history and describing the symptoms. In some cases, further investigations may be required to rule out underlying conditions, such as:

• Breath tests: To diagnose lactose intolerance or fructose malabsorption.
• Stool tests: To check for infections or malabsorption.
• Imaging procedures: Ultrasound or X-rays if structural problems are suspected.

Treatment:

• Dietary changes: Avoidance or reduction of gas-forming foods.
• Medication: Use of anti-foaming agents such as simeticone or enzyme preparations to support digestion.
• Probiotics: To promote healthy intestinal flora.
• Behavioural changes: Eating more slowly, avoiding chewing gum and carbonated drinks.

Prevention:

• Balanced diet with a gradual introduction of fibre.
• Regular physical activity to promote bowel movement.
• Adequate fluid intake.

Worth knowing:

• The human body produces around 0.5 to 1.5 litres of intestinal gas per day, which is released in several episodes.
• Flatulence is a normal physiological process that occurs in everyone, but can vary in frequency and intensity.

Research:

Research into flatulence is focussed on understanding the gut microbiota and its role in gas production, developing new treatments for digestive disorders and improving the quality of life of those affected.