Haemangioma: What you should know about this benign vascular growth
Haemangiomas are benign tumours that consist of an unusual collection of blood vessels. They often occur in newborns and small children, but can also occur in adults. In most cases, haemangiomas are harmless and disappear by themselves over time. However, in certain cases they may require medical attention.
Causes and types
The exact cause of the development of haemangiomas is not yet fully understood. Experts suspect that genetic factors and developmental disorders of the blood vessels during pregnancy could play a role.
- Superficial haemangiomas (capillary): They appear as red or purple spots on the skin and are often referred to as "strawberry spots".
- Deep haemangiomas (cavernous): These grow under the skin and may have a bluish colour.
Symptoms
While smaller haemangiomas often cause no symptoms, larger growths can cause pain, swelling or functional limitations depending on their location. Haemangiomas that occur near the eyes, mouth or airways can be particularly problematic.
Diagnosis and treatment
The diagnosis of a haemangioma is usually made by physical examination and, if necessary, by imaging such as ultrasound or MRI.
- Observation: Many haemangiomas disappear on their own and do not require treatment.
- Medication: Propranolol, a beta blocker, is often used to stop the growth and shrink the haemangioma.
- Surgical removal: In rare cases, particularly if there are functional limitations or cosmetic problems, surgery may be necessary.
Things to know
- Haemangiomas occur in around 5-10% of newborns, with girls being affected more frequently than boys.
- They are not contagious and do not develop into malignant tumours.
Conclusion
Haemangiomas are usually harmless and often disappear without intervention. Nevertheless, larger growths that cause discomfort or functional limitations should be examined by a doctor. With today's medical possibilities, diagnosis and treatment are uncomplicated and effective in most cases.