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Skin

Skin: structure, functions and importance

Skin: structure, functions and importance of the largest organ

Structure of the skin

The skin consists of three main layers, each of which has different functions:

Epidermis: The outermost layer, which serves as a protective barrier.
Dermis: Middle layer with connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves.
Subcutis: The deepest layer, consisting of fatty tissue as a cushion and energy store.

Functions of the skin

Protection: Barrier against UV rays, bacteria and harmful substances.
Temperature regulation: Regulates body temperature through perspiration and blood circulation.
Sensory perception: Receptors perceive touch, pressure and pain.
Immune defence: Defence cells in the skin protect against infections.
Wound healing: Regenerates after injuries.

Important skin types

There are different skin types that require different care:

Normal skin: Balanced and supple.
Dry skin: Tends to feel tight and cracked.
Oily skin: Produces excess sebum.
Combination skin: Combination of dry and oily areas.

Frequent skin conditions

Acne: Inflamed sebaceous glands, often during puberty.
Eczema: Skin inflammation with itching and redness.
Psoriasis: Chronic disease with scaly patches of skin.
Skin cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth due to UV radiation.

Skin care and protection

Cleansing: Mild products remove dirt and sebum.
Moisturising: Protects against dehydration.
Sun protection: Reduces the risk of skin cancer.
Nutrition: Vitamins promote skin health.

Worth knowing

The skin is about 2 square metres in size and weighs up to 10 kilograms. It renews itself every 28 days and loses 30,000 to 50,000 cells every day