Condenser (biological)

Definition

In biology, a capacitor describes structures or mechanisms that store energy, information or ions and release them when required. The term is based on the physical principle of the electrical capacitor.

Biological examples

1. Calcium storage

The endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum store ^Ca2+ ions, which are quickly released when stimulated.

2. Synaptic vesicles

Store neurotransmitters in nerve cells and release them abruptly when required.

3. Molecular chaperones / epigenetic systems

Proteins such as Hsp90 buffer genetic variations that only take effect under stress.

Function and significance

Buffering: Avoidance of overreactions
Targeted release: Control of cell responses
Signalling delay: Staggered cell processes
Information masking: Conserving hidden genetic diversity

Comparison: technology vs. biology

Engineering	Biology
Stores electrical charge	Stores ions, molecules or information
Emits current	Releases signal or substance
Conductive plates with insulator	Cellular structures such as membranes or proteins

Summary

The biological "capacitor" is a concept used to describe storage and control processes in cells. From ion buffers to genetic control mechanisms - such systems play a key role in cellular regulation.