Streptococcus viridans

Streptococcus viridans: Harmless inhabitant or dangerous pathogen?

Characteristics of Streptococcus viridans

The Streptococcus viridans group includes several types of bacteria such as Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius. They are alpha-haemolytic and form a greenish halo on blood agar plates

Role in the human body

These bacteria are part of the normal microflora and help to displace pathogenic microorganisms. However, Streptococcus mutans can promote tooth decay through the production of acids

Diseases caused by Streptococcus viridans

Endocarditis: Often settles on pre-damaged heart valves.
Bacteraemia: Possible after dental procedures.
Abscesses: Can cause tissue infections in rare cases.

Routes of transmission

Transmission usually occurs by moving the bacteria from their normal environment to a sterile area, for example through injuries or medical procedures

Diagnosis

Diagnosis includes blood cultures, cultural examinations and microscopy to identify the pathogen and its characteristics

Treatment

Antibiotics: Penicillin is the drug of choice. Vancomycin can be used for allergies.
Surgical interventions: Necessary in severe cases such as endocarditis.

Prevention

Good oral hygiene to prevent tooth decay and gum disease.
Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures in high-risk patients.
Regular medical check-ups, especially for people at risk.